In Hindu mythology, the concept of immortality is fascinating and complex. Among the many figures in the vast pantheon, seven are particularly noted for their immortality, known collectively as the “Chiranjivi” (the “Immortal Ones”). These seven immortals are believed to live through the ages, having been granted eternal life due to their piety, devotion, or significant roles in various epics and scriptures. Here are the seven immortals
Ashwatthama: The Cursed Immortal
A prominent character in the Hindu epic Mahabharata, is known for his prowess as a warrior and his tragic fate.
Birth and Early Life
Ashwatthama was the son of Dronacharya, the royal guru to the Kauravas and Pandavas, and Kripi, the sister of Kripacharya. From a young age, Ashwatthama displayed great potential in the martial arts, owing much to the rigorous training from his father. Dronacharya’s intense desire to make his son invincible led him to obtain a magical gem, the “Mani,” embedded in Ashwatthama’s forehead, granting him extraordinary powers and protection.
Role in the Kurukshetra War
During the Kurukshetra war, Ashwatthama fought on the side of the Kauravas. His skill in battle was unparalleled, and he played a crucial role in several key moments of the war. However, as the war progressed and the Kaurava forces dwindled, Ashwatthama found himself facing insurmountable odds.
The Night of the Massacre
After Duryodhana, the eldest Kaurava, was fatally wounded by Bhima, he appointed Ashwatthama as the commander of the remaining Kaurava forces. Enraged and desperate for revenge, Ashwatthama decided to attack the Pandava camp at night, an act considered highly dishonorable according to the rules of war. With the help of Kripacharya and Kritavarma, Ashwatthama infiltrated the Pandava camp and killed many warriors in their sleep, including the sons of the Pandavas.
The Curse of Ashwatthama
In the aftermath of the massacre, Ashwatthama attempted to use the powerful Brahmastra weapon against the Pandavas. However, Arjuna, one of the Pandavas, countered with his own Brahmastra. Realizing the potential destruction their weapons could cause, both sides were advised by sages to retract them. While Arjuna was able to do so, Ashwatthama, lacking the knowledge to retract his weapon, redirected it towards the womb of Uttara, the wife of Abhimanyu, who was carrying Arjuna’s grandson. The weapon caused a premature birth, but Krishna revived the child and cursed Ashwatthama for his heinous acts.
Eternal Suffering
As a result of his actions, Krishna cursed Ashwatthama to wander the earth for eternity, suffering from wounds that would never heal. He was also stripped of his magical gem, rendering him vulnerable. Ashwatthama’s curse was a punishment not only for the massacre but also for attacking an unborn child, an act considered one of the gravest sins.
Legacy
Ashwatthama’s story is one of the most poignant and tragic in the Mahabharata. It serves as a powerful reminder of the consequences of unchecked rage and the importance of adhering to dharma (righteousness) even in times of war. His eternal wandering symbolizes the perpetual suffering that comes from deviating from the path of righteousness.
Demon King Bali (Mahabali)
The story of King Bali, also known as Mahabali, is one of devotion, humility, and divine intervention, intertwined with the theme of immortality. Bali was a powerful and benevolent demon king from the Asura race, known for his generosity and piety. His tale is most famously recounted in the Vamana Purana and other Hindu scriptures.
Early Life and Ascendancy
Mahabali was the grandson of the great devotee Prahlada and the son of Virochana. He inherited a kingdom known for its prosperity and harmony. Unlike many other Asuras, Bali was righteous and deeply devoted to the well-being of his subjects. His rule was marked by fairness, generosity, and a commitment to dharma (righteousness).
Conquest of the Three Worlds
Under Mahabali’s leadership, the Asuras grew in power, eventually conquering the three worlds: Heaven (Svarga), Earth (Prithvi), and the Netherworld (Patala). This conquest alarmed the gods, who saw Bali’s rise as a threat to their supremacy.
The Boon and the Deception
To curb Bali’s growing power, the gods turned to Vishnu, the preserver of the universe. Vishnu decided to incarnate as Vamana, a dwarf Brahmin. Vamana approached Mahabali during a grand sacrificial ceremony, where the king was distributing gifts to all. Despite warnings from his guru, Shukracharya, Bali welcomed the dwarf Brahmin and promised to grant him any request.
Vamana asked for a simple boon: three paces of land, to which Bali readily agreed. However, as soon as the boon was granted, Vamana began to grow in size, transforming into the gigantic Trivikrama. With his first step, he covered the entire earth, with his second, he spanned the heavens, and with no place left for the third step, Mahabali offered his own head.
The Blessing of Immortality
Impressed by Mahabali’s unwavering devotion and humility, Vishnu granted him a boon. Although he pushed Bali to the netherworld (Patala), he allowed him to return to earth once a year to visit his people. This annual return of Mahabali is celebrated as the festival of Onam in Kerala, symbolizing the return of the golden age of his reign.
Mahabali’s Immortality
Mahabali’s immortality is unique compared to other immortals in Hindu mythology. While he was exiled to the netherworld, his devotion and righteousness earned him the eternal love and respect of his people. His story underscores the values of selflessness, humility, and devotion, teaching that true power lies not in conquest but in righteousness and the welfare of one’s subjects.
Legacy
King Bali’s story is a poignant reminder of the cyclical nature of power and the importance of humility. His reign, marked by prosperity and happiness, is still celebrated and revered, particularly in the state of Kerala during Onam. The festival honors Mahabali’s memory and the hope that he will return to usher in a time of peace and abundance.
Rishi Ved Vyasa
Ved Vyasa, also known simply as Vyasa, is one of the most revered sages in Hindu mythology. He is credited with compiling and categorizing the Vedas, composing the Mahabharata, and writing the 18 Puranas, including the Bhagavata Purana. Vyasa’s story is interwoven with themes of wisdom, devotion, and immortality.
Birth and Early Life
Vyasa was born to Satyavati, a fisherwoman, and the sage Parashara. His birth was unique; Parashara invoked divine powers to create an island in the river Yamuna, where Vyasa was born. Vyasa’s original name was Krishna Dvaipayana, which means “the dark one born on an island.” He later became known as Vyasa, meaning “the compiler.”
Contributions to Hindu Literature
Vyasa is credited with organizing and compiling the ancient Vedic texts into four parts: the Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda. This monumental task earned him the title of “Veda Vyasa.”
His most significant contribution is the Mahabharata, an epic that encompasses various aspects of life, philosophy, and dharma. The Mahabharata contains the Bhagavad Gita, a spiritual and philosophical dialogue between Prince Arjuna and Lord Krishna. Vyasa also wrote the 18 Puranas, which are texts detailing the history, cosmology, and traditions of the Hindu religion.
Immortality
Vyasa is one of the seven Chiranjivi, the immortals who are believed to live through the ages in Hindu tradition. His immortality is associated with his divine mission to preserve and propagate Vedic knowledge. According to legend, Vyasa continues to live in the Himalayas, where he meditates and guides other sages and seekers of truth.
Role in the Mahabharata
In the Mahabharata, Vyasa plays a crucial role not just as the author but also as a character. He is the grandfather of both the Pandavas and the Kauravas, the principal families involved in the epic’s central conflict. Vyasa’s wisdom and interventions are pivotal at various points in the story. For instance, he provides guidance to the Pandavas and offers moral and philosophical insights to other characters.
Legacy
Vyasa’s legacy is profound and enduring. His works form the foundation of Hindu philosophy, literature, and spiritual practice. The festival of Guru Purnima is dedicated to Vyasa, honoring him as the Adi Guru (the first teacher). On this day, disciples pay homage to their gurus, acknowledging the lineage of wisdom that Vyasa represents.
Significance of Immortality
Vyasa’s immortality is symbolic of the eternal nature of knowledge and wisdom. His presence through the ages signifies the continuous flow of Vedic knowledge and the unbroken chain of spiritual teachings. As an immortal sage, Vyasa’s role is to ensure that the sacred texts and the principles of dharma are preserved for future generations.
In summary, Ved Vyasa’s immortality is not just a testament to his divine nature but also a representation of the timeless wisdom he imparted. His contributions have shaped the spiritual and cultural landscape of Hinduism, making him one of the most revered figures in Indian tradition.
Vibhishana: Younger Brother of Ravana
Vibhishana, a character from the Hindu epic Ramayana, is known for his unwavering devotion to righteousness (dharma) despite being born into a family of demons (Rakshasas). His story is one of moral integrity, loyalty, and the divine grace that led to his immortality.
Background and Early Life
Vibhishana was the youngest brother of Ravana, the demon king of Lanka, and Kumbhakarna. Despite being born into a family of Asuras, Vibhishana was deeply pious and devoted to the principles of dharma. His righteousness often put him at odds with his brother Ravana, whose rule was marked by arrogance, cruelty, and defiance of divine laws.
Role in the Ramayana
Vibhishana’s significant role in the Ramayana begins when Ravana abducts Sita, the wife of Lord Rama. Vibhishana counsels Ravana to return Sita to Rama and avoid the inevitable destruction that his actions would bring upon Lanka. However, Ravana dismisses his advice, accusing Vibhishana of cowardice and betrayal.
Defection to Rama
Realizing that Ravana is beyond reason and that Lanka faces imminent destruction, Vibhishana decides to leave his brother’s side. He crosses over to Rama’s camp, seeking refuge and offering his support. Initially met with suspicion by Rama’s allies, Vibhishana is warmly welcomed by Rama, who recognizes his sincerity and righteousness.
Contribution to Rama’s Victory
Vibhishana’s knowledge of Lanka and Ravana’s strategies proves invaluable to Rama and his army. He provides critical intelligence that helps Rama in his campaign against Ravana. During the decisive battle, Vibhishana aids Rama in defeating several key Rakshasa warriors, including his own brother Kumbhakarna.
Coronation and Immortality
After Ravana’s defeat and death, Rama installs Vibhishana as the king of Lanka. Vibhishana’s rule marks a return to dharma, peace, and prosperity in the kingdom. His reign is characterized by justice and devotion to the welfare of his subjects.
As a reward for his unwavering devotion to righteousness and for aiding the divine mission of Lord Rama, Vibhishana is granted the boon of immortality. According to various texts and traditions, Vibhishana continues to live, maintaining his devotion to dharma and serving as a guardian and protector.
Legacy
Vibhishana’s story is a powerful example of the triumph of righteousness over familial loyalty and personal gain. His decision to side with Rama, despite the risks and accusations of betrayal, underscores the importance of adhering to moral principles. His immortality symbolizes the eternal nature of dharma and the divine grace bestowed upon those who remain steadfast in their devotion to righteousness.
In Hindu mythology, Vibhishana is revered not only as a loyal devotee of Lord Rama but also as an exemplar of virtue and moral integrity. His tale serves as an inspiration to uphold dharma even in the face of adversity and to choose righteousness over kinship when the two are in conflict.
Kripacharya: The Guru
Kripacharya, also known simply as Kripa, is one of the prominent characters in the Mahabharata and is revered for his martial prowess and unwavering dedication to dharma (righteousness). He is also one of the seven Chiranjivi (immortals) in Hindu mythology.
Birth and Early Life
Kripacharya’s birth is unique and somewhat miraculous. He and his sister, Kripi, were born from the union of Sharadvan, a great sage, and Janapadi, the daughter of a king. Sharadvan had renounced worldly life and was practicing severe penance. However, upon encountering Janapadi, his austerity was disturbed, leading to the birth of Kripa and Kripi. They were left in the forest, where they were discovered and adopted by King Shantanu, the same king who later became the father of Bhishma.
Role in the Mahabharata
Kripacharya grew up in the royal court of Hastinapura and became well-versed in the art of warfare and the Vedas. He was appointed as the royal teacher and preceptor of the Kauravas and Pandavas, alongside Dronacharya. Kripa’s role in the Mahabharata is multifaceted:
- Teacher and Mentor: Kripacharya was responsible for the military education of the princes of Hastinapura. He imparted knowledge of the scriptures and martial arts, contributing significantly to their development as warriors.
- Warrior in the Kurukshetra War: Kripacharya fought on the side of the Kauravas during the Kurukshetra war. Despite his deep understanding of dharma, he remained loyal to the throne of Hastinapura, which was controlled by Duryodhana and the Kauravas.
- Survival and Aftermath: Kripacharya was one of the few survivors of the Kurukshetra war. His survival is often attributed to his wisdom and adherence to dharma, even in the face of intense conflict.
Immortality
Kripacharya is one of the seven Chiranjivi, the immortals who are destined to live through the ages until the end of the current cosmic cycle (Kalpa). His immortality is a testament to his righteousness and his role as a guardian of dharma. According to legends, Kripa continues to live, imparting wisdom and guiding the righteous in times of need.
Legacy
Kripacharya’s legacy in Hindu mythology is marked by his unwavering commitment to duty and righteousness. He is respected as a sage, a warrior, and a teacher. His immortality symbolizes the eternal nature of dharma and the enduring presence of righteous wisdom in the world.
Significance in Hindu Tradition
Kripacharya’s story emphasizes the importance of adhering to one’s duties and the principles of dharma, even in the most challenging circumstances. His life and actions serve as an example of the ideal balance between martial prowess and spiritual wisdom. As an immortal, Kripacharya remains a symbol of the timeless values of righteousness, wisdom, and duty.
Lord Hanuman
Lord Hanuman, one of the central figures in Hindu mythology, is known for his unwavering devotion, immense strength, and divine qualities. As a Chiranjivi (immortal), Hanuman’s story spans across various texts and traditions, symbolizing devotion, courage, and selfless service.
Birth and Early Life
Hanuman was born to Anjana, a celestial nymph, and Kesari, a Vanara (monkey) king. His birth is also attributed to the blessings of Lord Shiva and the wind god, Vayu, which is why Hanuman is often called Vayuputra (son of Vayu). From a young age, Hanuman displayed extraordinary strength and a mischievous nature. In one famous story, mistaking the sun for a fruit, young Hanuman attempted to leap and grab it, showcasing his incredible abilities.
Devotion to Lord Rama
Hanuman’s most significant role is in the epic Ramayana, where he becomes the greatest devotee of Lord Rama. His devotion and service to Rama are legendary:
- Meeting Rama: Hanuman first meets Rama and his brother Lakshmana in the forest of Kishkindha, where they form a strong bond. Hanuman recognizes Rama’s divinity and vows to serve him.
- Finding Sita: One of Hanuman’s most heroic deeds is his journey to Lanka to find Sita, who had been abducted by the demon king Ravana. Overcoming numerous obstacles, Hanuman locates Sita in the Ashoka Vatika, delivers Rama’s message to her, and assures her of Rama’s imminent rescue.
- Burning of Lanka: After finding Sita, Hanuman allows himself to be captured to deliver a warning to Ravana. When his tail is set on fire, Hanuman uses it to set Lanka ablaze before returning to Rama.
- Role in the War: Hanuman plays a crucial role in the battle against Ravana, displaying unmatched valor and strength. His most famous act is lifting the Dronagiri mountain to deliver the life-saving herb Sanjeevani to revive Lakshmana.
Boon of Immortality
After the victory over Ravana and Sita’s return, Rama grants Hanuman the boon of immortality. Rama declares that Hanuman will live forever, serving as a protector of devotees and upholder of dharma. Hanuman’s immortality is a reward for his unparalleled devotion and selfless service.
Significance and Worship
Hanuman’s significance extends beyond the Ramayana. He is worshipped as a symbol of strength, devotion, and loyalty. His tales are recounted in various texts, including the Mahabharata, the Puranas, and the Hanuman Chalisa, a 40-verse hymn dedicated to him.
Hanuman’s Presence in the Kali Yuga
Hanuman is believed to be present and accessible to his devotees, especially in the Kali Yuga (the current age). He is considered a living deity who continues to assist and protect those who seek his blessings. Many believe that chanting the Hanuman Chalisa and other prayers dedicated to him can invoke his presence and divine intervention.
Legacy
Hanuman’s legacy as an immortal deity is a source of inspiration for millions. His qualities of unwavering devotion, humility, strength, and service to a higher cause are revered and emulated by his devotees. Temples dedicated to Hanuman are found throughout India and other parts of the world, where he is venerated with great fervor.
In summary, Lord Hanuman’s immortality is a testament to his divine nature and his enduring role as a protector and guide for humanity. His story and teachings continue to inspire and uplift those who seek his grace and embody the virtues he represents
These seven immortals hold significant positions in Hindu mythology, embodying various aspects of dharma (righteousness), devotion, and divine intervention.